Análise físico-química da água de poço artesiano da comunidade São Domingos/Bagé-RS e tratamento através de filtro orgânico

Abstract

Water is a natural resource that is indispensable for all living beings. With the increase of water scarcity and the pollution of water resources, supply through artesian wells has been chosen. In order to obtain drinking water, it is necessary that the physical chemical and microbiological parameters are within the maximum values allowed by Ordinance GM/MS No. 888/2021 of the Ministry of Health. The objective of this present work was to analyze the physical-chemical and microbiological parameters of water from the artesian well that supplies the community of São Domingos, located in the city of Bagé-RS, and to propose an organic filter in order to reduce the hardness of the water and other parameters. Four filters were assembled, the first with banana peel, the second with rice husk, the third mixed with rice and banana husks, and an inverted filter with banana peel. The parameters obtained before filtering were: pH 6.99, electrical conductivity 470.5 μS, STD 235.5 ppm, turbidity 0.25 UT, OD 5.06 ppm, chlorides 0.45 mg/L of Cl and hardness 517 .24 mg/L of CaCO3, being classified as very hard water. After filtering, pH ranging from 7.07 to 7.17 was obtained. There was also an increase for turbidity, obtaining values from 0.42 UT to 11.73 UT. For the other parameters there was a decrease, the electrical conductivity ranged from 441.5 to 463.5 μS, for STD values were obtained from 222.3 to 230.5 ppm, for OD from 4.43 to 4.73 ppm, for hardness values ranged from 431.03 to 491.38 mg/L of CaCO3. Chlorides remained within an approximate range, ranging from 0.39 to 0.46 mg/L of Cl. In the microbiological analysis, all samples showed the presence of total and thermotolerant coliforms due to possible contamination. The filters proved to be efficient in filtering, but the hardness and electrical conductivity parameters still remained above the maximum allowed value. Therefore, for a possible application of the filters, further studies are still necessary, so that all water quality parameters are in compliance with the standards of current legislation.