Muito além do som: o engajamento político das músicas de protesto da MPB dos anos de chumbo (1969-1974) e suas diferenças e semelhanças com o engajamento das músicas da nova MPB do governo Bolsonaro (2018-2022)

Abstract

In International Relations, the expansion of its field of study, in addition to challenging mainstream approaches to the discipline, promoted the insertion of important themes before marginalized, such as popular culture. Cultural Studies debated Culture through a critical and multidisciplinary approach, analyzing different artistic and cultural manifestations. Media culture, a term coined by Douglas Kellner, asserts the existence of a culture of audiovisual conveyed by the media and the means of communication, which explores the technologies advanced technologies, forging identities, shaping political opinions and social behavior, serving the interests of diverse groups seeking to maintain power. the music if highlighted how the media used to denounce the violence caused by military regimes of the 20th century in the countries of the Southern Cone. In Brazil, focus of analysis of this research, Music Popular Brasileira was consecrated as protest music against the military dictatorship, showing intense artistic creativity while circumventing censorship during the lead years (1969-1974), through contesting songs and the performative manifestation of its artists exponents. In the 21st century, the world is witnessing a rise of conservative ultranationalism, represented in Brazil by the figure of Jair Bolsonaro, elected in 2018. In this context, identified musical artistic manifestations originating from the so-called Nova MPB, genre consequence of a new reorganization of the phonographic industry based on music independently, in new forms of production and commercialization, using the Internet as a mainstream media, whose songs are not about politics but contain an alienated bias, addressing topics such as sexualization, love and parties. Criticism is not found in the genre New MPB, but in Rock, Rap and Hip-Hop, which are characterized by explicit criticism to Bolsonaro's actions, to what his figure represents, and to the phenomenon of Bolsonarism. Through of the comparative method, primary sources are analyzed, such as the songs themselves, to demonstrate how these reflected the dissatisfaction against the military regime and against the Bolsonaro government, as well as the similarities and differences in the political manifestations of the MPB and Nova MPB songs, showing that the latter does not have a bias of criticality such as the already established iconic figures of MPB, which allowed opening space for other musical genres to demonstrate against the Bolsonaro government. At the same time, this research proposes to demonstrate the possible approximations between music and politics in discipline of International Relations.