Avaliação do impacto da mineração de calcário sobre as drenagens da região das caieiras no município de Caçapava do Sul – RS

Abstract

This study analyzes the impacts of limestone mining on water quality in the Caieiras region, Caçapava do Sul, considering different geological and anthropogenic contexts. Four sampling points were investigated: two near the mining front, one downstream from the Cascata do Salso, and another upstream, used as a control. The results reveal that points close to the mining pit showed elevated values of electrical conductivity, hardness, and alkalinity, indicating the direct influence of mining activities, especially at point 2, where the exposure of marble and the removal of vegetation intensified chemical alterations. Point 3, located outside the direct area of influence, presented intermediate values, suggesting the dilution of impacts. Conversely, point 4 exhibited characteristics of natural water, with low hardness, alkalinity, and conductivity, reinforcing its use as a control. The analyses indicate that mining significantly contributes to the increase in dissolved ions and minerals in nearby areas, while more distant points show reduced interference due to dilution and the absence of direct activities. These results highlight the need for environmental management strategies to minimize the impacts of mining activities and ensure the preservation of the region's water resources. The study emphasizes the importance of continuous water quality monitoring and considering factors such as soil mineral composition, topography, and climatic conditions, which also influence the chemical characteristics of the water bodies.