Absenteísmo e adoecimento de professores e o impacto no ensino da rede municipal de educação de Uruguaiana-RS

Abstract

This dissertation has as general objective to analyze the impact of illness and absenteeism of teachers in teaching and in the management of the municipal education network in Uruguaiana-RS. It was divided into two stages to achieve all the objectives of this research, through different methodologies and instruments, which led to two different manuscripts. Manuscript 1, which aimed to analyze the main causes of absence of teachers from the municipal network of Uruguaiana-RS, had information from the database of two municipal secretariats present in the teachers' certificates and medical licenses, on gender, age, date admission date, CID/reason for consultation, school and month/year of delivery of the certificate, in the period from July/2018 to July/2019. For univariate analysis, means, medians, standard deviation, absolute and relative frequencies of the studied variables and a 95% confidence interval (95%CI) were evaluated. In the bivariate analysis, the Chi-Square test was used, with a significance level of 0.05. It was concluded that the main cause of leave of absence of teachers were problems related to musculoskeletal health, being more accentuated the delivery of certificates of such pathologies in the second quarter of school. Also, during the period studied, teachers from peripheral schools became ill and needed to be absent more. The health problems identified in the certificates and which caused the absence of teachers, in their majority, are also associated with age group, length of work in the municipal education network, number of days of certificate and period of the school year. In Manuscript 2, which aimed to analyze the perception of the Management Teams, Pedagogical Coordinators and Pedagogical and Administrative Coordinators of the Municipal Department of Education (SEMED) on the implications of teachers' absence due to health problems in teaching, 11 subjects participated, being 3 representatives of SEMED and 8 of the Management Teams and Pedagogical Coordination of the 4 schools in the municipal network most affected by illness and absenteeism between July 2018 and July 2019, data that were identified through the analysis of the results of Manuscript 1. To this end, a semi-structured, individual interview was carried out in June 2020, seeking to understand issues related to illness and teacher absenteeism and the impact of these phenomena on teaching, with the speeches being recorded, transcribed and refined through Bardin's content analysis. Through the reports, it was possible to see that the impact of illness and teacher absenteeism for health reasons is felt by managers, both at the municipal network level and in the school itself, and the affective bond between teacher-student is the most affected aspect. by the impact of illness and teacher absenteeism, according to the participants. Thus, it is possible to conclude that, through the two Manuscripts generated by this study, it was possible to know the reality of illness and absenteeism of teachers in the municipal education network of Uruguaiana-RS, knowing the main diseases that affect their health, as well as understanding how the management is carried out in the face of teachers' absences, both at the level of the education department and the directors and pedagogical teams of the schools. It is noteworthy that the present findings are extremely important, generate concern and should be taken into account to promote public policies aimed at teachers, with alternatives for prevention and reduction of damage that affect the health of these professionals during the daily exercise of their functions. teachers.