Qualidade sanitária e fisiológica de sementes de trigo produzidas sob diferentes parcelamentos de nitrogênio

Abstract

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the main cereals present in human daily food and also in the manufacture of animal feed. For the cultivation of this cereal it is necessary to use seeds with good physiological, physical, genetic and sanitary quality, together with other management techniques such as nitrogen fertilization, which contributes to the increase in the productivity of this cereal. In this sense, the objective of the present is to evaluate the sanitary and physiological quality of wheat seeds submitted to different nitrogen fertilization. The experiment was carried out at the Seed Laboratory of the Federal University of Pampa - Campus Itaqui. The fully causualized design (DIC) in a factorial scheme (3 x 6), six nitrogen combinations: T1 (100% V3), T2 (50% V3, 50% DIF), T3 (30% V3, 50% DIF and 20 % FL), T4 (100% DIF), T5 (50% V3, 30% DIF and 20% FL) and T6 (80% DIF and 20% FL), with three genotypes: Tbio Sinuelo, Tbio Sonic and OR 1401. The sanity test was performed using the blotter test method in which the seeds were placed, under three layers of germination paper moistened with sterile distilled water. The seeds were incubated in BOD for 24h at 20 ± 2 ° C. After this period, the seeds were frozen at -20 ° C, for 24 hours, and returning, again placed in BOD at 20 ± 2 ° C for another five days. For the vigor and germination test, 50 seeds were distributed on the germination paper, and placed in the germinator with a temperature of 20 ° C, for four days to evaluate the vigor test and with eight days for the germination test. From the assessments of the health analysis, first and second count of the germination and dry matter test of aerial part and root, there was no significant interaction between cultivars and parceling of N. However, for the incidence of fungi Alternaria sp., Aspergillus sp., Penicillium sp., Phoma sp., Epicocum sp. and Rizophus sp. found a difference between cultivars. There was a difference between cultivars when normal, abnormal and hard seeds were analyzed. For Tbiosonic and Tbiosinuelo cultivars, germination was below 80%. For the aerial part length, cultivar TbioSonic showed greater length in T3. For cultivars within each plot, it was observed that there was no pattern of behavior for the different plots. And that the different treatments used do not interfere with the physiological and health quality of wheat seeds.