Desenvolvimento de práticas de astronomia no ensino de ciências

Abstract

In this work we present the relations between what the National Curricular Parameters (PCNs) predictions and which provides for the National Curricular Common Base (BNCC), and more recently the Gaucho Curricular Framework (RCG) about the topic Astronomy. We stress teo the importance of experimentation. We present an analysis of the papers presented at the National Meeting of Research in Science Education (ENPEC) and in the Latin American Electronic Journal of Astronomy Education (RELEA), related to the proposition of practices oriented to the work with subjects of astronomy. Being found 39 papers in the ENPEC in the last 20 years and 42 papers in RELEA magazine in the last 15 years, demonstrating the need for more propositions of practical activities related to the content of Astronomy. We report a proposal of an experiment to determine the solar radiation performed by students of the final years of Elementary School of a school in Uruguaiana/RS. By measuring the heating of the water contained in a recipient exposed to sunlight it was possible to measure the temperature variation in time intervals, and through the heat and energy flow formula it was possible to determine the solar radiation incident on the container as being on average 357.92 ± 44.08 W/m². Making a comparison between the data obtained by the students and the values presented by the meteorological station of Uruguaiana/RS that integrates the network of the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET). It was shown that they are compatible for the day and time of the experiment. We also present the development of a practice of determining the conditions of visibility of the planets in the night sky from a letter of elongation, determining the angular distance from the Sun in the sky and the constellation in which the planet is projected. Both the proposed practices were submitted to scientific journals in the area of Science Education and we hope to contribute with this area of research and also with the teaching practice for the use of them by university professors who work in the initial and continuous training of the science teachers, as well as direct use of Basic Education teachers with their students.