Estudo sobre a influência dos elementos arquitetônicos nas edificações com relação às manifestações patológicas

Abstract

Pathological manifestations have always existed in buildings. However, the accelerated evolution of civil construction has caused the poorer buildings quality. In addition, financial issues results in buildings built at great speed and poor control of materials and services. Most of the pathological manifestations are born due to the incompatibility and bad elaboration of projects. The designer must take into account, in addition to the customer's needs, the requirements that the site submits: the region's climate and the behavior of the sun, rain, wind. The facade of a building represents the personality of the client and must be designed properly, as it is a part of the building that is exposed to the external environment and subject to interpéries. The architectural elements that classified as functional, structural and decorative. In this context, we have discussed the anomalies found in marquees, brises and verges that are the elements found in the façades of Academic Buildings 1 and 2 and Administrative Building of the Universidade Federal do Pampa - Alegrete Campus. These buildings are relatively new, the oldest being at the age of seven years. However, several pathological manifestations observed in the behavior of the faces of these buildings. The analysis of the anomalies done through visual inspection and photographic records. Overall, the problems encountered were blisters, fissures, efflorescence, blemishes and mold, most of them related to water infiltration. However, failures related to construction errors established, for example: improperly sealed expansion joints, built-up marquis without functionality, lack of mooring between the elements. The building that most incidences was the Administrative Building, more precisely in the east facade, where there is not much presence of sunlight. Finally, concluded that many of these manifestations could be avoided with periodic maintenance and cleaning.