Análise de soluções alternativas para disposição de efluentes domésticos em habitações populares

Abstract

The issue of basic sanitation in peripheral regions is increasingly discussed. In these regions, there are often no public sewage collection systems, making it up to the villager to correctly perform the disposal of sewage from his home. However, in these regions, the population has a low purchasing power, making the execution of a conventional sewage collection system inaccessible. In this work, a street was identified, located in the periphery of the municipality of Alegrete/RS that lives this reality. It was verified, through applied research with the residents, that the majority of families in the area obtain income around a minimum wage and an average of four residents per residence. In order to improve local sanitation conditions and to provide a reduction in the cost of construction, it was indicated the installation of an individual sustainable sewage treatment system, using alternative materials with zero cost in its implementation. The proposal is to install a system, whose main raw material is the unseaworthy truck tire. The system has been scaling for a residence with four people and will work in two modules. The first will work as a septic tank, is composed of four tires, which will receive the effluents directly from the toilet, through a PVC pipe of 100 mm. In this module the bacteria will act, the organic matter will deposit in the bottom and the liquid generated will go to the second module through a PVC pipe of 100 mm. The second module will work as an anaerobic filter, and is composed of four tires. In order to filter and reduce the amount of organic matter, bamboo buds are used in this step, which has zero cost, as a medium support material. A 100 mm PVC pipe, which is connected to the outlet of the second module, will infiltrate the ground. The tube will be five meters long, and in the last two meters will contain many holes, allowing infiltration into the ground. The implementation of the proposed system costs R$ 485.76, making it more accessible to residents of peripheral regions and a good solution to remedy or reduce the problems caused by lack of adequate sanitation in low-income regions.