O impacto dos sistemas de projeção cartográfica TM e Plano Topográfico Local no georreferenciamento de imóveis rurais

Abstract

The study addresses the cartographic representation of terrain, focusing on the application of different cartographic projection systems to minimize distortions in areas and perimeters. Historically, the need to represent the Earth's curved surface on a plane has brought challenges due to the inevitable distortions associated with projections. This work explores the Transverse Mercator cartographic projections (UTM, RTM, LTM) and PTL to identify the best approach to managing rural properties, aiming for precision in territorial demarcations and calculations of areas and perimeters. The methodology included the georeferencing of an area of 500 hectares between Itaqui and Maçambará. Field surveys were carried out with Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) method, following geodetic standards. Data collection resulted in 42 points, the analysis of which revealed a maximum discrepancy of 20 cm compared to the original registration. For connection to the Brazilian geodetic system (SGB), the coordinates were corrected using RBMC bases and converted between different cartographic projection systems. The study highlights the importance of using the most appropriate projection system for determining linear and superficial values to ensure legal certainty, avoid ownership conflicts and provide reliable data for rural planning. It is concluded that the Local Topographic Plan (PTL) can be an effective alternative to represent reality with greater fidelity in specific regions.