Terra indígena Rio dos Índios: da ocupação imemorial ao aldeamento obrigatório, do esbulho territorial à homologação definitiva

Abstract

The indigenous struggle has always been a reality since the Portuguese invasion began with the navigations. This work aims to analyze and document the historical process of the occupation and territoriality of the Kaingang people in Vicente Dutra, from the immemorial occupation of their lands to the definitive homologation of the territory. It addresses the struggles for possession, the challenges faced and the impact of territorial dispossession and compulsory settlement on the cultural preservation and autonomy of the Kaingang people. The original peoples of Brazilian lands were persecuted and banished from the places where they had historically lived. The existence of indigenous people in the north/northwest of Rio Grande do Sul since ancient times is undeniable, and the awning located in Vicente Dutra/RS has always been occupied by the Kaingang, even though they have suffered persecution such as compulsory settlement and territorial dispossession throughout history. The advent of the 1988 Federal Constitution opened up a new perspective for regularizing the area occupied, resulting in an Administrative Process that was processed by the FUNAI - National Indian Foundation, whereby the demarcation and approval by the President of the Republic turned the territory into the so-called Rio dos Índios Indigenous Land, providing the indigenous people with legal certainty about the ownership of the area in the name of the Federal Union and unequivocal possession in favour of the Kaingang. Even so, attempts to reverse the approval have not ceased, and there are legal proceedings to revoke the regularization of the territory.