Fatores de risco para micro e pequenas empresas: um estudo sob a ótica conceitual das cinco forças de Porter

Abstract

The importance of Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) in the economic context is recognized, these companies play a crucial role in generating jobs, economic growth and promoting innovation. Their contribution to the local and national economy is significant, as they represent the majority of businesses in various sectors. However, these companies face a series of challenges that could compromise their survival and growth, especially given the uncertainties raised during the pandemic. Thus, the general objective of this work is to develop a typology of mortality risk factors for MSEs, focusing on the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Furthermore, the proposal highlights the possibility of establishing interactions between these factors and the five competitive forces by Porter. The research was conducted through a systematic review of the literature in databases such as Web of Science, Scopus, Science Direct and Taylor and Francis. The results revealed risk factors that impact the survival of MSEs, covering issues related to entrepreneurship, inadequate management, lack of innovation, challenges in risk management and external influences from the global scenario. These results were validated by SEBRAE experts, focused on the reality of MSEs in Rio Grande do Sul, using the Delphi technique. The need for strategic and adaptive approaches is highlighted to promote the continuity and sustainable development of MSEs amid the challenges faced by these companies. The final phase of the research consisted of structured interviews with experts to relate the validated risk factors to Porter's five forces. As a result, a list of mortality risk factors for MSEs in relation to Porter's five competitive forces was obtained. Keywords: Entrepreneurship, Microenterprise, Small Business, Risk Factors, Porter's Five Forces.