Análise da configuração urbana na distribuição espacial da criminalidade em Santana do Livramento, Rio Grande do Sul

Abstract

Crime is a social phenomenon that involves the practice of behaviors considered illegal and/or harmful to society, where its causes are complex and varied, involving individual, social and economic factors. In Brazil, the situation of violence is serious, becoming a significant challenge faced by the country, where 5.9% of the national GDP is spent on crime. Understanding the reasons that contribute to the increase in crime is a complex challenge that involves an in-depth analysis of geographic, social and economic contexts. Among the different criminological theories developed over the years, the Chicago School emerges as one of the most influential and relevant approaches in explaining phenomena related to urban crime. His research sought to understand the interactions between the individual and the urban environment, investigating how social structure and the physical environment influenced human behavior. This research has a documentary nature and a quantitative approach. The data service of the Public Security Secretariat of the Civil Police of Rio Grande do Sul was used, which allowed the production of a map of the spatial distribution of crime in the city of Santana do Livramento. The analysis of criminal records refers to the period from October 2021 to July 2023, and demonstrated that crimes such as threats, fraud and bodily harm are present in the three main neighborhoods of the city, with the Umbu neighborhood being the least violent, and the Prado neighborhood differentiating with a higher incidence of drug possession.