Atividades lúdicas e o TDAH: uma proposta de ensino inclusivo de química.

Abstract

Inclusive Education is not just about inserting people with disabilities into regular schools, but about welcoming and developing methods and strategies in which everyone can work together, respecting differences. The main objective of this work is to investigate the use of recreational activities in Inclusive Education in the context of Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD). For this, a bibliographic review and a didactic proposal (educational product) were carried out with playful activities from the three levels of chemical knowledge (the macro and tangible, the molecular and invisible, and the symbolic and mathematical) for students with AD/HD for the greenhouse effect teaching. The transition at these levels becomes an impasse for students who cannot see knowledge as a whole, but in disconnected fragments. Especially students with AD/HD due to the difficulty they have in concentrating and solving problems in the classroom, often being “behind” in relation to others. Thus, this research has a qualitative nature, and the first stage is characterized as exploratory and bibliographic. Data analysis consisted of an integrative synthesis. This analysis comprises a reflection, based on the theoretical framework and the data obtained. From the literature review, it was verified that the possibilities of using playful activities for students with AD/HD understand the importance of rules (goals or objectives) as a way to stimulate voluntary attention and also the rules, feedbacks and challenges with collaboration or competition in stimulating social interaction. Regarding the challenges of using recreational activities for students with AD/HD, the low number of works with effective proposals for this context is highlighted. Still, in the context of Science Teaching (or even Chemistry Teaching) no Works were found. Regarding the educational product, a game of 7 clues was proposed for the macro level, for the symbolic level an interactive video and for the molecular level a playful activity using modeling clay. With this perspective, it is believed that this work contributed to recognize the challenges and possibilities of recreational activities in Inclusive Education, focusing on AD/HD and also to propose an educational product that can be used by teachers and educational institutions.