A influência da indústria de defesa nacional na balança de comércio exterior do Brasil: o caso da América do Sul (1996-2018)

Abstract

The present research intends to analyze the role of the national defense industry in Brazil's foreign trade balance, especially with regard to South America (1996-2018). The objective of the research is to analyze how the Brazilian defense industry influenced the country's trade balance for South America between 1996 and 2018, with a research problem: how the 1996 PND and its subsequent updates influenced the greater projection of the national defense industry in Brazil's foreign trade balance with main partners in South America, between 1996 and 2018? The hypothesis is such that the promotion of the defense industry, after the promotion of the National Defense Policy, in 1996 (and subsequent updates), resulted in positive changes in the Brazilian trade balance with South American countries.When considering Brazil as an emerging State in the International System, with growth possibilities due to its natural, geographic and economic-commercial resources, the research has as its starting point of studies the beginning of the National Defense Policy (PND) of 1996. The defense industry is extremely important for the economic and technological development of a country and, linked to this, the trade balance has a determining factor to clearly show this economic development. Defense is closely linked to military equipment, and these are the object of this research in relation to their international marketing. Above all, this commercialization to be analyzed will take place with a focus on Brazil's partners located in South America, since these countries feature prominently in Brazilian exports in relation to the segment. The defense industry is a major generator of skilled jobs and technological innovations, since, to supply military demand, sophisticated materials are needed (ANDRADE, Israel de Oliveira et al, 2016). It was possible to conclude, based on this analysis, that the PND and its updates exerted a great influence on the national defense industry, since, in the publications of the document, the reduction of external dependence on supplies for the sector was encouraged. Regarding the foreign trade balance, it remained quite oscillating during the analyzed years, going through sales peaks and even moments with zero transactions, showing the fragility and the need for public policies and regional integration for the sector.