As políticas públicas de transferência de renda desenvolvidas no Brasil, Argentina e Uruguai entre os anos 1990 e 2010: análise acerca do papel dos programas sociais na redução da pobreza

Abstract

From weakness demonstrated by the economic development model formed after the Second World War, the rise of neo-liberal thinking in Latin American countries and marked social changes in the twentieth century, the state, in spite of having your reduced role, is bound to go through political, economic and social reforms. In Latin America, countries are affected by high inflation, increasing social inequality and stagnation of economic development. Given the new global environment, the Latin American countries have adopted social policies of targeted cash transfers to combat poverty and social exclusion. So this study develops from the following problematization: social transfer policy income implemented in Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay in the period between 1990 and 2010 aid in poverty reduction have been or maintenance of instruments playing the same dependence and social vulnerability? Thus, the central aims is understand how public policies of income transfer in Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay have influenced the recovery of citizenship of the beneficiaries and their insertion in the productive system in the period between 1990 and 2010. Specifically, the study seeks to analyze public policies implemented income transfer in Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay, in the two decades to identify whether these policies have assistance nature and assess their degree of influence on the growth and social development of countries. Methodologically, is sought from a quantitative data analysis of the economic indicators, to wit: Gross National Income per capita, Inflation, Unemployment Index, Gini Index and Index Human Development, make a qualitative analysis of the influence of conditional cash transfer programs. The achieved results show that the public policies implemented income transfer in Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay have influenced positively the Gross National Income per capita, Inflation, the Gini Index and the Human Development Index, which show a better distribution income. However, the unemployment rate showing the insertion of the economically active population in the formal labor market did not get the same performance. Of the three countries analyzed, Uruguay has the most comprehensive program in terms of additional assistance to transfer income.