Política migratória brasileira: a intersecção entre as respostas humanitárias e a esfera subnacional

Abstract

The path of changes in Brazilian migration policy has been followed by the government's strategies for international insertion, alignment with international regulations, and the presence of new patterns of mobility. The period is pointed by the centrality of migratory processes on Brazil's Arco Norte border, including Haitian migration beginning in 2010 and Venezuelan migration in 2015. Thus, operationalized responses were operationalized through different instruments of public procedures that intersect with the living conditions of migrants in the subnational sphere. Among them, the Brazilian humanitarian response to Venezuelan migration, called “Operação Acolhida” (means welcoming operation), which one of its approaches is the Interiorization Strategy in the modality “Vaga de Emprego Sinalizada” (VES), meaning marked job vacancy. Located in the Northwest border of Rio Grande do Sul, the city of Santa Rosa is already a reference in the Haitian migratory dynamics, mostly by the Transformation Industry Sector, slaughterhouse, pig abattoir. With recent adhesion to the Interiorization Strategy in the VES modality, Santa Rosa, until September 2022, corresponds to the 5th Brazilian municipality that received more interiorized migrants in this modality. Towards this new context, this thesis examines the process of implementation of humanitarian responses of the Brazilian government, relating them to the living conditions of Haitian and Venezuelan migrants living in the city of Santa Rosa/RS between 2021 and 2022. The methodological course refers to a qualitative and inductive path, comprising bibliographic, documentary and field research. The field research involved 17 narrative interviews with migrants, support institutions and mid-level bureaucrats linked to the managing body of the social welfare policy in Santa Rosa. Through the lens of public action tools and content analysis with the support of ATLAS t.i. software, theoretical and empirical categories were identified. Hence, the process of adherence to the Interiorization Strategy was revisited, identifying the actors involved and the induction mechanism of the federal government. In the modality of Interiorization - VES, we found the new instruments of public policy, based on agreements or contracts, characteristic of the new public management, as well as the devices that accompany them, stating that contracting is not guaranteed. Also, emphasize a management instrument - the Action Plan for Reception and its operationalization difficulties. Classified by its implementers as an inverted Interiorization process. Regarding the migrants' living conditions in the municipality, were identified aspects of their trajectories, governmental support, language barriers, housing, and employment in the meat industry. Finally, point out that the advances of the new Migration Law, reflected in the autonomy of 5 migrants' internal mobility. In contrast, the humanitarian response of Interiorization is reflected in the persistence of emergency practices and the inexistence of migrants in decision-making spaces. With few possibilities for social mobility, the occupations in meat packing plants reflect an occupational ethno-stratification, in which the state presents itself as a partner recruiter of labor in jobs characterized by intensification, high turnover, unhealthiness, and low wages.