Avaliação de vulnerabilidade do aquífero que abastece as vilas rurais: Pereirinha, São José e Capão das Galinhas, no município de Caçapava do Sul, RS

Abstract

Aquifers are strategic water reserves, they are geological features that are interconnected to store and transmit a certain amount of water, having sufficient permeability and porosity. They can be free or phreatic, confined or semi-confined, and the way they present themselves is of paramount importance when their vulnerability is verified. This work aims to characterize the aquifer that supplies the wells in rural villages: Pereirinha, São José and Capão das Galinhas, in the municipality of Caçapava do Sul-RS, as well as to analyze the risks according to their natural vulnerability, determined through the GOD technique, acrostic for G (degree of confinement); O (occurrence of coverage strata); D (distance to the water table). A good part of the rural population of Caçapava do Sul makes use of wells or springs to supply themselves. Thus, this research contributes to a better management and protection of groundwater in the region, as well as, so that residents are aware of the need for all wells to be registered with the competent body, accounting for the water balance, thus minimizing the risk of overexploitation and also contamination of these waters The work was carried out in two stages, one consisting of a technical visit to the field and the other, by work in the office, generating a vulnerability map through the analyzes obtained. The results obtained show a degree of vulnerability that varies from insignificant to low, with the Vila Pereirinha and Capão das Galinhas wells being more vulnerable than the Vila São José wells. Finally, although the vulnerability does not present an imminent risk, the monitoring of the wells is valid, since none is registered in the known information systems, as well as the excavated wells are in disagreement with the normative norms established by ABNT.