Analise da matriz energética energética brasileira com ênfase na descentralização

Abstract

Electrical energy is the pillar of the development of a country or a region in almost all areas, given this, supporting and guaranteeing electrical energy without interruption, with a lower cost of production, and better utilization of renewable resources is one of the many challenges for the Brazilian energy sector. The objective of the diverse electrical matrix is to analyze better ways to produce energy, improve the efficiency in production, guarantee better sustainability in the sector, and consequently, reduce the environmental impact caused by it. In 2021, one of the biggest hydric crises occurred within the last 90 years and directly impacted the Brazilian energy sector, emphasizing the need for new energetic resources. From the sources of production for renewable electrical energy, the solar photovoltaic has taken up more market share each time in Brazil. Both the centralized model of energy generated, for the solar plant, but also in the decentralized form, through distributed generations, permitted any person to have access to a system generating energy, interconnected to the network distributed in their locality, or until the consumption of generated energy is reached remotely. Based on these aspects, this study analyzes the Brazilian energy matrix and proposes a photovoltaic project decentralized for residences specifically through case studies. The results showed that despite the low representation of photovoltaic projects compared to other electric energy matrices in Brazil, the photovoltaic projects demonstrated significant growth in the last 10 years. Currently, in Brazil, there are more than 1,360,950 units consumed by solar systems and 1,073,240 systems connected to the grid, and if this growth rate continues, these values can multiple 3 times over a 5-year period. The case study projected a system with a capacity of 13.63 kWp. The time of the return on investment is estimated to be 4.5 years which would cost R$74,799.52. This economic viability was possible through the reduction of costs for each consumer unit following the order of resolution nº 482/2012 of the National Electric Energy Agency (ANEEL).