Análise da evolução da indústria do petróleo: formação de preços do óleo e seus derivados

Abstract

After World War II, oil became the main source of primary energy in the world. With this, studies on the oil industry have become increasingly relevant, mainly because it is a non-renewable resource and because it has a geopolitical influence on its supply and demand. In Brazil the oil industry was one of the industries that developed most in the last few years, making society totally dependent on this resource and its derivatives. Among the main derivatives we have gasoline, diesel and cooking gas (LPG), issues involving the prices of these derivatives are generating several discussions in the sense that, after Petrobras' new pricing policy in 2016, prices started to be frequently adjusted according to international parity. That is, exchange rate fluctuations and oil price volatility are directly influencing national fuel prices and other derivatives. Consequently, there is a direct impact on the budget of families and other goods and services of the economy. In this context, the main objective of this research was to present the evolution of the oil industry and discuss the formation of oil prices in Brazil since 2000. In relation to the methodology, the research has an exploratory character and is classified as deductive. To develop the objectives, we used bibliographic research techniques, documentary research and content analysis. As a result, it was found that the search for a substitute for petroleum, one that is cheaper and offers less environmental impact, is indispensable. In relation to the new fuel pricing policies, it is necessary to find a balance between the economic and the social aspects so that both interests are achieved and there is no damage to either party.