Diferentes substratos e tamanhos de vaso no cultivo de amor-perfeito (Viola x wittrockiana Gams ex Kappert)

Abstract

The ornamental plant market showed growth over the years, leading to the improvement of cultivation techniques. The search for alternative substrates that reduce the cost of production and provide the required nutrition has intensified, inaddition to the volume of the pot used in the cultivation. The objective of this work was to evaluate the vegetative growth and the production of love-perfect flowers, inaprotected environment, cultivated with different substrates and pot sizes. For this, acompletely randomized experimental design was used in factorial scheme 2(pot size) x 5 (substrate formulations), with 4 replications. The composition of the substrates was: T1 - 100% Commercial substrate (Control); T2 - 70% Commercial substrate +10% humus + 10% rice husk + 10% cattle manure; T3 - 60% Commercial substrate + 20% humus + 10% rice husk + 10% cattle manure; T4- 50%Commercial substrate + 20% humus + 10% rice husk + 20% cattle manure; T5 - 50%Commercial substrate + 10% humus + 10% rice husk + 30% cattle manure. The seedlings were transplanted to pots with a capacity of 0.5 and 1 L containing the different substrates. The following were evaluated: number of leaves, number of buds, number of flowers and width of flowers. For the number of leaves the use of different substrates did not differ in the pots of 0.5 L. The use of 100% of commercial substrate reduced the number of leaves in the pots with 1 L capacity. For the average total number of flower buds and flowers, the treatment used 50% Commercial substrate + 10% humus + 10% rice husk + 30% cattle manure, with an average increment of 214 and 194.75, respectively. A higher number of flowers was observed at widths 3 - 4 and 4 - 5 cm,and T 5 showed greater variation in the width of flowers, including for 5 - 6, 6 - 7 and 7 - 8 cm. The refore, the best pot is 1 L, combined with the T5 substrate, composedof: 50% Commercial substrate + 10% humus + 10% rice husk + 30% cattle manure.