A política externa brasileira para a Unasul: da liderança ao ocaso (2008-2019)

Abstract

The present research aims to investigate the Brazilian foreign policy for the Union of South American Nations (UNASUR) during the years 2008 to 2019. Institutionalized in 2008, UNASUR was born as an innovative proposal for integration covering the twelve countries of the region and as a result of a Brazilian agenda focused on South America. The organization's proposal was based on a political approach between the countries with the aim of decimating foreign interference in the region, as well as promoting the development of countries in as well as commercial ones, such as defense, infrastructure and financing. The space for dialogue built from UNASUR also provided the solution to several conflicts that hovered over the South American scenario during the first decades of the 21st century. In this way, approaching the two-level game theory and the intertwining between domestic and international politics, attention is paid to the Brazilian contribution in the creation of the organization and in order to remain close to its neighbors during the years when progressive governments and the left ruled the country (2008-2016). Likewise, the ideological change of government is observed as one of the main justifications for the country to formally withdraw from the organization in 2019, revealing how the foreign policy of conservative and right-wing governments is guided by a government policy rather than being elaborated. as a state policy, as well as demonstrating the way in which alternations in domestic politics affect state behavior at the international level. Therefore, the research carried out was qualitative, of a basic-applied nature, through procedures of bibliographic research and document analysis of primary and secondary sources, and was guided by hypothetical-deductive, historical and comparative methods.