Relações entre as variáveis macroeconômicas e o setor industrial brasileiro

Abstract

The industry represents one of the most important and influential sectors of an economy. In this study, the main objective is to analyze in which ways GDP, unemployment, inflation, interest rate and exchange rate were related to the brazilian industrial sector from 2011 to 2021. The specific objectives are: to investigate the importance of industry to the brazilian economy and the participation of this sector in each state; to describe the influence of the industrial activities branches that suffered most relevant changes during the studied period due to alterations of macroeconomics variables; to identify some effects of the pandemic on the brazilian industrial sector, considering the main macroeconomics objectives. The facts that justify the research, other than the importance of the sector, are the major events occurred in this decade alongside the indicators used in the main macroeconomics policies goals. The research has an exploratory nature, the deductive method was used combined with literature review, secondary data gathering and descriptive statistics as analysis techniques in order to achieve the proposed objectives. Regarding the literature review, the brazilian industrialization history, the deindustrialization in Brazil, macroeconomy, macroeconomic policy objectives and the effects of the pandemic on the industrial sector topics were covered. The results show that the general industry has been losing participation and importance in the national economy, furthermore, the industries are concentrated in some regions. With respect to the relation between the industrial sectors and macroeconomics variables, it is possible to observe that the transformation and construction industries vary according to most of the variables, meanwhile, gas, electricity, extractive and other industries present different patterns of variation. Regarding the pandemic and the effects on the industrial sector, it is visible that the worst period was the second quarter of 2020, affecting all the branches of the industry. Despite that, since 2021, the sector demonstrates tendencies of improvement, as seen in the second quarter