Qualidade das coordenadas topográficas em diferentes métodos de topografia de precisão

Abstract

The Topography can be defined as the science of methods and procedures for obtaining the planialtimetrics coordinates (x, y, z). In the beginning, the Topography was used only for the demarcation of land, but with the advancement of technology, implementation is no longer restricted just for this purpose being applied in several areas that require Precision Topography. In all types of observations errors occur, denominated coarse, systematic and random among the systematic errors can cite the instrument vertical error and the limbus collimation error, which can be corrected using the Directions’ Method and the angular reading in direct (PD) and reverse (PI) positions. In this context, the main objective of this study is to evaluate the quality of topographical coordinates by different methods of Precision Topography, they are: triangulation with two and three known angles, traverse, trilateration with three known sides and trilateration with three sides and one known angle. This work also evaluated the influence of forced centering on the accuracy of the topographic coordinates. The Student t test, F test and the Scheffé test were applied to check the statistical significance of the variability of the coordinates. With a significance level of 5% was observed that the evaluated methods had influence on the variability of topographic coordinates obtained. The use of forced centering at baseline was significant in only 40% of the samples, however to better investigate the influence of the forced centering quality of the coordinates is suggested that in future studies all points will have forced centering.