Efeito de tratamento químico sobre a qualidade de sementes de trigo

Abstract

Wheat is the cereal that ranks first in volume of world production. Currently Brazil is not self-sufficient in wheat import need to meet domestic demand. Among the managements and cultural practices considered essential for achieving high productivity stands out seed treatment with fungicides and insecticides to prevent the incidence of pests and diseases. Thus the objective of evaluating the effects of chemical treatments on the seed quality of wheat. The work was installed in the Seed Laboratory, Federal University of Pampa, Itaqui-RS, in a completely randomized design with four replications. The treatments were arranged in a factorial 2 x 3 + 1. The factor A was composed of wheat cultivars (Quartz and Pampeano) and B for untreated product, thiamethoxam 60 mL/100 kg of seeds, carboxin + thiram 275 mL/100 kg seed and thiamethoxam + carboxin + thiram 60 + 275 mL / 100 kg of seeds. The variables tested were a thousand seed weight, germination, germination rate, cold test, accelerated aging, seedling length, fresh weight of seedlings and dry mass of seedlings. In analyzing the results together, it is observed that the seed treatment may be an interesting tool to have more vigorous seedlings and uniform plant stands due to a higher germination percentage and consequently the best yield of wheat. The thiamethoxam (60 mL/100 kg of seeds) seeds resulted in better performance for the variables, germination test, germination speed index, fresh weight and dry weight, for the variety Quartz. The carboxin + thiram (275 mL/100 kg seed) led to a better performance in dry weight, for the variety Pampeano. The thiamethoxam + carboxin + thiram (60 + 275 mL/100 kg seed) seeds led to better overcome the accelerated aging test for the Quartz varieties and Pampeano. It is recommended that treatment of wheat seeds for the control of pests and diseases that attack immediately after sowing of grain to the ground.