Geração e análise dos dados cartográficos para o cadastro ambiental rural de uma propriedade

Abstract

The CAR (Rural Environmental Registry) became effective in the national territory with the purpose of integrating the environmental information of the properties and rural properties related to the Areas of Permanent Preservation - APP, restricted use, legal reserve, remnants of forests and other forms of native vegetation and of the consolidated areas. It was based on a data base for control, monitoring, environmental and economic planning and against deforestation, after a review of the literature on the definitions and implications of the new legal instrument for small, medium and large rural producers. on the Forest Code (Law No. 12651 of May 25, 2012), the new legislation, slightly changes from the old, now the whole country must follow the same legislation. Being made on the CAR website (www.car.gov.br), about satellite images that can be downloaded at the time of registration or used from external database, in addition it must contain all information of the property and the owner. For its execution, it is necessary the accuracy of the data informed, the images provided by the government in some cases, do not present sufficient quality to identify the necessary features, occurring divergences when compared to other sources of images or methods of Georeferencing. Georeferencing (according to the new legislation Law 10.267 / 01 and decrees 4,449 / 02 and 5,570 / 05), is the method established and regulated by INCRA for the mapping of the reliability of land registry registration, referring to the vertices of rural property, making them known through geographic coordinates in the Brazilian geodetic system, making known the polygon of the area, perimeter and total area. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) are digital environments that allow to represent the physical space in the interactive cartographic mode with the user. They consist of the use of softwares that analyze data obtained in the field or through satellite images, considered a data manipulation tool, enabling the organization of this information and determining a diagnosis of the analyzed variables. For this work we used QGIS Desktop 2.18.18 software, which has a multiplatform structure that works on Unix, GNU / Linux, Mac, OsXe, MS and Windows. Supporting numerous vector, raster and database formats, providing a wide range of raster and vector geoprocessing functions (CENSIPAM, s / d, page 5). With the use of the software and some data from other sources, it was concluded that there is an inaccuracy in the data obtained through the CAR images, thus generating data different from what actually exists.