Evolução do consumo alimentar nas capitais brasileiras e Distrito Federal e sua relação com a prevalência de morbidades

Abstract

Our study aimed to analyze the evolution of food consumption markers prevalence in Brazilian state capitals and the Federal District between 2006 and 2014, and the association of food consumption with specific morbidities. We used data from “Sistema de Vigilância de fatores de risco e Proteção para Doenças Crônicas por Inquérito Telefônico”, and food consumption from two different groups was analyzed: markers of risk feeding (consumption of meat with apparent fat and soft drinks or artificial juices) and markers of healthy feeding (consumption of fruits and vegetables and beans). The prevalence of regular consumption of such markers was calculated by dividing the total of adult individuals who reported have consumed a specific type of food at least five times a week in each capital and the total population of each capital. The outcomes of the present study were the prevalence of obesity, systemic arterial hypertension (HAS) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). An increase in the prevalence of healthy feeding consumption and a decrease in the prevalence of risk feeding consumption was observed between 2006 and 2014. However, regarding to the prevalence of morbidities in 2014, around 20% of adults in Brazilian capitals presented obesity, about 1/4 presented HAS and about 10% presented DM2. Regarding to the association between food consumption markers and morbidities prevalence included in the study, a negative and moderate correlation was observed between the prevalence of fruits and vegetables consumption and the prevalence of obesity, and between the prevalence of consumption of meat with apparent fat and DM2. On the other hand, a positive and moderate correlation was observed between the prevalence of fruits and vegetables consumption and the prevalence of HAS and DM2 in 2014. Nevertheless, when these results were adjusted to the human development índex of the year 2000 and the average age of each capital in 2006, the significant effect disappeared, and correlations became marginal. It is concluded that, despite satisfactory changes in the of food consumption evolution in Brazilian capitals, the prevalence of non-communicable chronic diseases still reaches high numbers and these morbidities should be treated as a public health problem, in order that preventive actions be developed for all social classes.