Efeito do treinamento físico aeróbico e da suplementação com cafeína sobre parâmetros bioquímicos e cognitivos em ratos com síndrome metabólica

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome is a disorder that has been growing in the world population. Changes in life style and the in dietary habits is believed to have an impact on the increased prevalence of this disease. Therefore, the search for non-medica-tion and low-cost therapies for the treatment of this disorder is of great interest. In this sense, the objective of this study is to investigate the effect of aerobic exercise on the neurochemical and cognitive parameters of rats submitted to a model of fructose-induced metabolic syndrome . To assess the effect of exercise training and caffeine supplementation, animals were assigned to 8 different groups . Animals received either fructose or vehicle for 10 weeks. The swimming training started in the fourth week after the start of fructose administration. During the period of exercise animals were also administered with caffeine. Our results show that fructose consumption increased visceral fat, however there did not in-crease the body weight and neither chaged the weight of the soleus muscle. An-imals that were exposed to physical exercise showed an increase in muscle weight and a decrease in total body weight as well as visceral fat. Caffeine sup-plementation was able to prevent against the gain of visceral fat induced by the fructose treatment. Furthermore, both the caffeine treatment and the physical ex-ercise were also able to decrease the glucose clearance over time. Physical ex-ercise also lowered the total cholesterol, HDL and triglycerides, but not LDL levels induced by the fructose treatment. Statistical analysis showed that the admin-istration of fructose for 10 weeks impaired short-term memory and localization, but not long-term memory, however physical training improved short-term, long-term and localization memory and reverted the effect fructose in short-term memory. Physical training increased the levels of NRF2 compared to sedentary animals. Thus, it was possible to conclude that the high consumption of fructose caused animals to develop metabolic disorders such as: the increase of visceral fat, increase in lipid levels, increase in the clearance of glucose and that, in addi-tion, generates cognitive damages impairing memory and causing anxiety, on the other hand, physical training and caffeine reverted a some of the damages caused by fructose, therefore, one can consider physical training and caffeine intake as an alternative and non-medication therapy to help reduce the risk fac-tors associated with metabolic syndrome.