Puericultura na atenção básica: uma estratégia de cuidado de enfermagem

Abstract

Introduction: In primary care, one of the instruments used to monitor children's health is childcare, which aims to monitor their development and growth as well as prevent the most frequent health problems. It is up to the nurse to have the necessary knowledge to assess the child, make decisions and guide the family. To offer comprehensive and humanized care, the nurse needs to consider the child in the socioeconomic, cultural and family context in which he is inserted. Objective: To know the national scientific production related to the nursing consultation in childcare in Primary Care. Method: This study is characterized by a bibliographic research, of the type integrative review, carried out in May 2016, in the databases LILACS, BDENF and SCIELO, using as descriptors: child care; nursing; primary attention; child. Inclusion criteria: studies in the Portuguese language; articles published from 2010 to 2016; childcare, basic care and nursing; journals indexed in the Virtual Health Library available online in full in the databases. The exclusion criteria were: theses, dissertations, experience reports, books, documents from government agencies, reflections and theoretical essays. Results: Data collection was carried out in May 2016, using as descriptors: ―Care of the Child‖, ―Nursing‖, Primary Health Care‖, ―Child‖. The selected electronic databases were: LILACS, BDENF and SCIELO and from these, 21 articles were selected to compose the sample of this study. From the exploratory reading of the publications, it was possible to identify two categories: Factors that influence child care practices and difficulties faced by the nursing team in carrying out childcare and the importance of the care provided to the child and the aspects that make up the evaluation of childcare. With regard to the category named: factors that influence child care practices and difficulties faced by the nursing team in carrying out childcare, it was evidenced that the cultural context, equity of care, accessibility, structure and organization of the units, practices based on ideas, old beliefs and myths, the existence of an inadequate space, deficit of some material resources, and deficiency of human resources or the lack of trained professionals, overload of activities, inefficiency of the referral and counter-referral system, and the lack of articulation between the different levels of care are factors demonstrated by the studies that interfere in practice. The category the importance of the assistance provided to the child and the aspects that make up the evaluation of childcare, highlights the nurse's attribution and understanding of him in carrying out childcare, the importance of the interdisciplinary team, health education, service accessibility, as well as the link established and the importance of the protocols with regard to the child's health. Final considerations: The present study analyzed the literature about childcare performed by nurses in the basic health unit. It was found that there are few publications after the year 2010 on the subject. From the studies analyzed, childcare is an indispensable nursing practice for monitoring the child's growth and development, but still little practiced correctly by nurses in order to be a preventive action and which has been performed by nurses in a curative way as shown in the most current studies. Even so, it is clear that this assistance, even at times not provided, is viewed by nurses not only as an assignment, but as an important assistance to be developed in the promotion, prevention and rehabilitation of children's health, as well as there is concern of nursing in terms of child health care, its importance being established.