Segurança pública e juventudes na linha da fronteira: dilemas em Jaguarão, RS

Abstract

The aim of this research was to analyze the trajectory from Jaguarão county, in the border of Brazil and Uruguay, in the elaboration of security policies, prophylactic actions and to combat violence and crime against youth, as well as to introduce the Citizen Security. The specific goals are to analyze the policies about the security protection and the suppression of violence against youth in Jaguarão; to show the difficulties among the itinerary carried out in the implement of the Citizen Security in Jaguarão county; to verify the priority nature of the Jaguarense municipal budget allocation, on public policies for young people. Initially, we describe Jaguarão, the locus of this research, with its peculiar characteristics as border zone; one of them is the violence. The following is a historic view of Brazil’s public security, with the innovative model of Citizen Security policies. The public security actions in Jaguarão county are explained and for this purpose, budget documents and the Public Hearing on security were analyzed, during the period of this study. Next, the theme of youth is address, first from a theoretical discussion, later seeking proposals pointing to the young people stated by the candidates for Mayor in the most recent local election, and by analyzing the policies for youth that are actually functioning in Jaguarão. The practical method used was a case study, with semi-structured interviews on youth policies, and they were questioned on the current public security situation in the city, showing a distinctive mark of a qualitative research; 26 young people, between ages of 18 and 29, from both sexes, plus 2 community leaders and 2 former Mayors. Throughout the text, the theoretical discussion deals with borders, the youth and Citizen Security, trying to account a cross-linking of several themes in the research, based on other researchers and diverse documents, as well as the legislation of these multiple interfaces, more specifically: Federal Constitution, the organic law of Jaguarão county, Youth Statute, Penal Code and county budget component. Among the results of the research, it should be noted that policies and programs for youth are punctual, limited, and focused, and one can speak of the absent emancipator perspectives. There are no security policies to protect and combat violence and juvenile crime. Neither were there effective methods of communication between the youth and the government informulating policies with youth as recipients. Young people have few opportunities to enter the job market in Jaguarão, mostly performing precarious work and, therefore, migrating from the city. The innovative pattern of Citizen Security is still a distant ideology in this border area.