Os processos de (re) elaboração e disputa entre os conceitos de segurança alimentar e soberania alimentar: um olhar sobre a horta municipal de São Gabriel-RS

Abstract

Food Security and Food Sovereignty concepts reflect an area of global discussions around measures aimed to fighting hunger. Because it is an issue that is strongly related to social inequalities in the world, there is no single position taken by social agents. On the one side, the proposals more associated with social movements linked to the Via Campesina tend to condemn capitalist development and its consequences, where only a break with neoliberal policies could enable decentralized and autonomous solutions. On the other side, the perspective of States and Governments agents in debates in the United Nations Organizations tend to position themselves in order to propose only specific changes to regulate the system and thus achieve social justice. In this context, the aim of this study was to analyze the processes of construction, (re) elaboration and dispute between the Food Security and Food Sovereignty concepts, given that the discussion between the concepts is inseparable from questioning its relationship to the dispute of models for agriculture and society. From an empirical research object, it tried to also list some of the principles of Food Security and Food Sovereignty with public policies. It analyzed the proposal of municipal garden in São Gabriel-RS, oriented space for the fight against hunger through free food distribution. It questioned, based on the concepts and empirical data: to what extent this policy enables the fight against hunger and provides participatory processes to those involved.