Projetos de iluminação pública utilizando otimização por enxame de partículas

Abstract

The objective of this work is to maximize the energetic efficiency of public lighting projects through the particle swarm optimization method (PSO), and considering the Brazilian standard NBR 5101 (2012). It is presented the development of a MATLAB script in order to carry out lighting calculations, whose results were validated with those obtained on the commercial software Dialux. The mean difference between both results were below 10%. Then the particle swarm optimization with stopping criterion was implemented, using the lighting calculation script as the cost function. After calibration, best results were obtained using 20 particles, unitary inertial factor, and 50 iterations for the relative error estimation in the stopping criterion. The results of the maximization of the energetic efficiency, using a fixed length street, two distinct luminaries, and continuous and discrete domains for the control variables, were presented in two cases: considering, and not considering the Brazilian standard. On the one hand, when the standard is not considered, the results presented higher levels of energetic efficiency, although not satisfying the minimum values for the uniformity required by the standard. On the other hand, when the standard is considered, the results presented lower levels of energetic efficiency, but satisfying the minimum uniformity values required by each lighting class in the standard. In fact, it was found an inverse relation between energetic efficiency and uniformity, with higher levels of efficiency implying in lower levels of uniformity. Moreover, the script converged faster to the results when was considered the discrete domain for the control variables. After the analysis of the results, the conclusion is that is viable the use of the particle swarm optimization method in the optimization of the energetic efficiency of public lighting projects. The final configuration obtained, result of the analysis of thousands of possible alternatives, shows maximum energetic efficiency, satisfying the actual Brazilian standard. Therefore, this methodology is an useful tool that can be used to help the designer of public lighting projects in his task.