Efeito neuroprotetor do ácido hidroxâmico de suberoilanilida (Saha), um inibidor de HDAC, em modelo de doença de Alzheimer induzida por injeção do peptídeo β-amilóide 1-42

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder characterized clinically by the progressive loss of cognitive function, neuropsychiatric and behavioral disorders. Pathologically this disease is characterized by the abnormal accumulation of β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) in the cortex and hippocampus, intracellular neurofibrillary tangles formed by hyperphosphorylated tau, progressive synaptic dysfunction and, later, neuronal loss. The available therapeutic options improve the symptoms, but they do not prevent the progression of the disease, therefore, an effective therapeutic strategy for AD is still lacking. There are studies related to the use of epigenetic therapy for the treatment of AD, the most developed therapy is that involving the class of deacetylase inhibitors (HDACs). Thus, this work aims to investigate the protective effect of the HDAC inhibitor hydroxamic acid suberoilanilide (SAHA) in an AD model in mice. For this, 50 Swiss adult mice weighing between 30-35 g were used, divided in two experiments. In the first, the mice were divided into 6 groups that received an injection of Aβ1-42 via the intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) at the beginning of the experiment (except the Sham group that was used as control) to investigate histone activity acetyltransferase (HATs) and HDAC, determination of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels, expression of BDNF mRNA and modulation of the pathway (cAMP / PKA / CREB) in a time curve (6 hours, 1, 3, 7 and 21 days). At the end of each time, the animals were submitted to the cognitive test and were euthanized. The prefrontal cortex and hippocampus were removed for further analysis. In the second experiment, the mice were divided into 4 groups: Control Group (sham + vehicle); Group Aβ1-42 (Aβ1-42 + vehicle); SAHA group (25 mg / kg, intraperitoneal route) (sham + SAHA); Interaction Group (Aβ1-42 + SAHA). The Aβ1-42 peptide or vehicle was infused by i.c.v. and one day later the treatment was started i.p. for 21 days. At the end of the experiment the animals were submitted to the cognitive test, euthanasia for removal of the cerebral structures. The samples were used for the determination of BDNF levels, expression of BDNF mRNA, histone enzymatic activity (HDAC and HATs) and regulation of the cAMP / PKA / CREB pathway. The present study observed significant deficiencies caused by Aβ1-42 in memory (Morris Aquatic Labyrinth), as well as caused imbalance of HAT / HDAC enzymes, cAMP, PKA and CREB and BDNF reduction in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of mice. Inhibition of HDAC with SAHA demonstrated neuroprotection in behavioral and neurochemical changes induced by Aβ1-42. These data show that acetylation through inhibition of HDAC plays a key role in memory mediation and demonstrates that SAHA may be a promising medical tool in the therapeutic approach to AD.