Geofísica aplicada a caracterização da percolação de água em mina subterrânea e o estudo da suavização do ruído em seções geoelétricas

Abstract

Mineral resources are fundamental to the existence of mankind and their exploitation is synonymous with advancement since the time of our ancestors. The twenty-first century is characterized by concern for the water resources of the planet Earth, preservation and reuse in a sustainable way is one of the main goals of the population. Renewable and non-renewable energy mining usually occurs through the opening of underground mines or open pit caves, some of which develop below the water table, with sub-surface water percolation. In cases where the volume of water is relatively large, there are losses and delays in the exploitation of mineral resources. With this, there is a need for a more in-depth investigation to characterize the recharge zone of greater intensity of the aquifer and subsequent solution of water infiltration in a sustainable way and that does not cause aggression to the environment. This work suggests the use of applied geophysics by means of the electroresistivity method to characterize the surroundings of an underground mine in full operation in the municipality of Faina, state of Goiás. Eletroresistivity sections and three - dimensional visualization models were generated and by means of the resistivity contrasts in subsurface, anomalous resistivity lows were determined to identify the recharge zone. From the 2D sections an experiment was carried out with the purpose of analyzing and optimizing the visible noises of the sections with the use of filtrations together with the process of reversing the electrical resistivity measurement points. Satisfactory results were obtained in the large-scale case study involving the infiltration problem in underground mine and the experimental tests proved to be effective in aiding the procedure of obtaining the quality of the final results of 2D sections with the reduction/attenuation of visible noise, in a portion of the small-scale area studied.