Determinação da localização geográfica ótima do Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência (SAMU) da cidade de Bagé por meio de um modelo de programação linear

Abstract

Issues relating to location and emergency response systems operation have been increasingly analyzed over the years. In order to find solutions that can soften the consequences of inefficient operations. Since any minimal improvement is already of great importance, because those services deal with people's lives. For this, there is in Brazil, the Mobile Emergency Service (SAMU), a federal government program that provides emergency medical assistance to people, seeking to ensure the quality of care in urban centers. The system should determine the most appropriate response to the case, ensuring the availability of hospital resources, determining the required type of transport and preparing the reception of patients. Therefore, emergency services deal with the difficult task of location of ambulances so that they can answer calls quickly and optimally. This study aims to improve the efficiency of SAMU in Bage, Rio Grande do Sul, proposing a mathematical model that has applicability in the system. For this, there is a need to know the zoning of the city, as well as their main features, to study the occurrences, preparing a conceptual map of the city in order to analyze in which macro zonings occur more incidents where SAMU needs to act, the most common types of occurrences in each area, among others. After proper permits, SAMU data were made available in spreadsheet format. With the data available, these were treated and manipulated through Excel electronic spreadsheet, after it was applied the LSCM model to four centers of different demands and seventeen possible bases. The center district in 2013 showed the largest number of calls. The clinical care was the most frequently service in the analysis period. Regarding the period of service, the highest rate happened in the evening and the lowest in dawn. Sunday and Wednesday were the days of the week that more calls have occurred. The days that occurred less were Monday, Tuesday and Friday. Ambulances most used by SAMU were the basic ones. The sex that most used emergency care in the period identified was female. Through zoning developed in Google Earth it was possible to observe that most of the cases in 2013 were found in the central macro zone. Through the use of LMSC model it was concluded that the number of ambulances was enough to attend the local demands. The results made possible to conclude that the current base of SAMU is in an ideal location, as it appeared in two of the analyzed models. Other sites for location of bases would be: where is located the Arvorezinha ESF and Barão do Itaqui ESF.