Estudo retrospectivo da prevalência do traço falciforme no município de Dom Pedrito-RS

Abstract

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a hemoglobinopathy which results in hemoglobin molecule structure changes, and can be characterized by a point mutation which occurs in the beta globin gene, and, when in heterozygous, is called sickle cell trait (SCT). The aim of this study was to quantify the prevalence of sickle cell trait (SCT) in neonatal screening tests (“Guthrie Test”) performed in the municipality of Dom Pedrito/RS, in newborns (NB) between January 2010 and December 2014. For this purpose, this work used a retrospective study based on historical results of neonatal screening that were submitted to the National Neonatal Screening Program (NNSP) tracked by the Reference Service for Neonatal Screening (SRTN) of the Maternal Child Hospital Presidente Vargas (MCHPV) in Porto Alegre/RS city. Results showed that the SCT frequency was 1.37%, and 1.57% of the population presents some type of abnormal hemoglobin. The ration of coverage of the NNSP in Dom Pedrito/RS, during the study period 87.7%, it shows that the service flow the “Guthrie Test” has a good structured in this city. In this way, results of this study demonstrate the significant presence of HbS (87.5%) compared with other abnormal Hb found in this research. The prevalence of SC found in Dom Pedrito/RS confirms the incidence expected in the southern region of Brazil, which is very similar to national standards published. Indeed, these data could serve as a parameter to be included in health’s educative actions, especially in relation to family planning, and epidemiological actions could be held at municipal level in order of improving public health.