A ascensão indiana no período pós guerra fria: do protecionismo à liberalização

Abstract

The end of the Cold War represented a big change in the International System. Several new actors emerged in the international scenario, the fall of the Soviet Union forced a large number of States to modify their insertion strategy. The United States apparently won the Cold War, however, although they had an immense advantage in the military and technological sectors above the other actors of the system, they were not the only power core on the new configuration of International System. In this period that India emerges as a big economic, and consequently political, power in the asian continent. In the decade of 1990 India promoted a series of economic reforms with a liberal bias that allowed the country to achieve high levels of economic growth. This work aims to analyze the internal and external factors that induced India to promote the economic reforms. Through a literature review the work analyzes foremost the changes in the International System after de end of the Cold War. Then the nature of the reforms are explored, hence is made an analyze of the impacts of the reforms at the Indian external posture. Since the independence India built its economic structure based on socialists principles. The fall of the Soviet Union meant the loss of an important ally to India. Both countries had an expressive partnership in the field of economy and military strategy. Therefore, India was compelled to seek for new strong partners. The Indian State promoted an approximation with the United States, adhering to the liberal reforms recommended by America. The reforms were really important to increase the material capacities of India and to launch the country as an important actor in the new millennium.