Proposta de metodologia para definição de um modelo digital de elevação para monitoramento de áreas de inundação

Abstract

The knowledge of earthly relief has always been of great importance to mankind, and the mode of its representation is the object of constant and multiple studies.The objective of this work was the use of geodetic methods for the elaboration of a digital elevation model integrated with hydrological data to monitor the areas affected by the Uruguay River floods in the city of Itaqui, Rio Grande do Sul, which periodically suffer losses and large expenses due to recurrent floods. For this purpose, a methodology based on the association of data from different sources (geodetic survey, altimetric data, historical series of hydrological data) is applied, and together they return an accurate and reliable final product. For the beginning of the work the linking of the river quotas to the Brazilian geodetic system was done through the geometric leveling between a reference RN and the linimetric rules of the river. In the second part of the work, geodetic positioning techniques were applied within the region of study and later processing and analysis of the data obtained. In this stage also the conversion of geometric altitudes in ortometric and its correction with the use of a geoidal model was realized. The third stage of the work consisted in the generation of digital models with different interpolators in GIS environment and later a statistical analysis was performed for the validation and classification of the models through the GeoPec Software developed specifically for the evaluation of spatial data. And finally, the validation of the resulting MDE through the comparison with works already carried out and with a direct application in an event occurred in the year 2017. The application of this methodology allowed to obtain a digital model of accurate and accurate elevation classified within the norms of the cartography. This result justifies that the application of the proposed methodology can be used by all urban areas of the municipality of Itaqui to return some support to the managers since the methodology presented satisfactory results, however, requiring some adjustments and complements in order to become more efficient.