Efeitos do extrato da Campomanesia xanthocarpa sobre parâmetros cardiovasculares em ratos tratados com frutose

Abstract

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death in Brazil, which are nowadays strongly associated with metabolic disorders. Metabolic syndrome is the most common of these disorders, it is characterized by the grouping of cardiovascular risk factors such as hypertension, insulin resistance, hyperinsulinemia, glucose intolerance/type 2 diabetes, central obesity and dyslipidemia. In southern Brazil, the Campomanesia xanthocarpa, known as guabiroba, has been used empirically by its potential effect in reducing blood cholesterol levels, which was confirmed by Klafke et al., (2010) studing hypercholesterolemic patients. The popular accounts about the traditional use of leaves tea reveal their use for various diseases, including inflammatory, renal, digestive, among others. Although the trust in these medicine is benefit for some people, the reliable information is essential , the toxicity of medicines prepared from plants may seem trivial when compared with conventional treatments, however, is a serious public health. Faced with so many needs and potential studies, this study evaluated the effects of C. xanthocarpa on hemodynamics and cardiac contractility in rats with metabolic syndrome induced by fructose-rich diet and it accute toxicity. We used aqueous extract of the leaves of C. xanthocarpa prepared by infusion. To evaluate the toxicity of these plant two simultaneous procedures were performed determination of lethal dose 50% and "Hippocratic Screening". For evaluation of hepatic and kidney functions, determination aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, urea and creatinine were made. Also kidney and liver were collected for histological analysis. The animals were treated for 30 days, blood pressure was assessed by direct measurement of carotid and contractility through isometric force of papillary muscles of the left ventricle, biochemical parameters were also determinate to evaluated lipid and glucose profiles using commercial kits. There was no mortality of animals during the observation of 48 h for calculation of LD50, making impossible to determine it, and no change in the behavior of animals were registered in all parameters evaluated . The extract was able to reverse the hypertension and tachycardia caused by fructose and to cause positive inotropism. It also decreased the levels of triglycerides and increased HDL-cholesterol, without causing any renal or hepatic toxicity. So the extract can be ingested safely until the dose of 5g/day and may be a natural alternative for individuals with metabolic syndrome.