Plantas de cobertura e sua influência nas propriedades físicas do solo e no rendimento de culturas estivais

Abstract

The objective of this work was to evaluate the modifications that the cover plants made in the physical properties of the soil and if there was a significant increase in the productivity of the crops in succession. For that, a research was developed in the experimental area of the Federal Institute Farroupilha Campus Alegrete, in the agricultural year of 2015/2016. The experimental design was a randomized block design, with three replications and the following treatments of cover plants: black oats, white oats, ryegrass, wheat, vetch, forage turnip, black oats consortium with vetch and fallow. Each plot was subdivided for crop insertion (soybean and corn). The physical attributes of the soil analyzed were density, macro porosity, micro porosity, infiltration rate, soil hydraulic conductivity. In the forage plants, the input of dry matter and, for the crops of economic interest, the components of chlorophyll index in the leaf, weight of a thousand grains and crop productivity were evaluated. The highest dry matter yield of forages occurred in the cultivation of forage turnip. For the other analyzes wheat was the treatment that expressed the best skills as a cover crop, mainly in terms of productivity and with better results for the corn crop when compared to soybean. In order to be able to express which coverage plan improves soil conditions there is a need to explore for at least five years the research to have consistency in results.