Uso de H2V em aciarias : perspectivas e desafios para siderurgia sustentável

Abstract

In the context of energy transition, countries have been undertaking commitments and goals, such as the United Nations' 2030 Agenda and the 2015 Paris Agreement, aiming to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to mitigate climate change and promote sustainable development. At this point, green hydrogen plays a crucial role in replacing fossil fuels. In tandem with this scenario, the steel industry needs to align with global emission reduction targets in steel production processes. Based on these aspects, this work aims to investigate the concept of green steel, its state of the art, challenges, and projections for sustainable steelmaking. Greater emphasis will be placed on the Brazilian scenario, highlighting its peculiarities, challenges, and advantages in the global decarbonization process. In the analysis of the state of the art, within the scope of this work, it was found that the direct reduction of iron ore by green hydrogen, along with the use of electric arc furnaces for steel production, proves to be quite effective in reducing greenhouse gas emissions. However, it was observed that while these technologies have the potential to transform the technological landscape of the steel industry and have a significant impact on emission reduction, practical experience is limited to initial projects or pilot scale. Moreover, established business models are still lacking, posing challenges to the commercial viability of these technologies and making their large-scale implementation even more challenging.