Bancos digitais no mercado de crédito

Abstract

The process of banking digitalization emerged as a response to society's demand for reducing bureaucracy in large banks, creating an opportunity for the entry of digital banks into the financial market. Although the term "digital bank" does not represent an official classification, it describes institutions whose business model is characterized by remote and differentiated customer relationships, a format that has been expanding its presence in the national market. Thus, this research aims to investigate how the presence of digital banks has impacted interest rates in the Brazilian credit market. To achieve this, a literature review was conducted, covering market structures with a focus on the characteristics of oligopoly, and monetary economics, presenting commercial banks, the role of credit from a Keynesian-Schumpeterian perspective, and the challenges of credit in the Brazilian context. The study also analyzes the National Financial System, detailing its components and the main functions they perform. Additionally, a section is developed to describe the digital banking segment and examine the potential relationship between interest rates and the type of institution. For this purpose, categories were defined based on the market focus and type of service offered by the institutions. The methodology used in the research follows the hypothetico-deductive method, employing documentary research and secondary data analysis, drawing on sources such as the Central Bank, ANBIMA, institutional documents from regulatory bodies, and financial institutions.