O endividamento e inadimplência das famílias brasileiras entre 2011 e 2023

Abstract

This research aims to analyze the dynamics of household indebtedness, household delinquency, and access to credit in Brazil between 2011 and 2023. To achieve this, a bibliographic research was developed to contextualize Brazilian policy and economy between 2011 and 2023, as well as clarify concepts such as indebtedness and delinquency. This study also seeks to identify the conjunctural aspects of household indebtedness and delinquency in Brazil between 2011 and 2023. The economic methodology used in the research will be the inductive method, through bibliographic research and secondary data analysis, using sources such as scientific articles; books on economics and Brazilian policy; annual reports from the Central Bank of Brazil on credit and indebtedness; data from IBGE related to economic and social indicators; and statistics from financial institutions and credit agencies, as well as the Consumer Debt and Delinquency Survey (PEIC) conducted by the National Confederation of Commerce of Goods, Services, and Tourism (CNC). It was found that these phenomena reflect not only the financial health of families but also the effectiveness of economic policies in the face of crises. Factors such as high interest rates, unemployment, and inequality increased indebtedness, highlighting the need for economic stability. The research addressed the evolution of fiscal and monetary policies during the governments of Dilma Rousseff, Michel Temer, and Jair Bolsonaro, highlighting the impacts of the crises. The analysis of credit behavior revealed that between 2010 and 2013, there was an expansion of consumption and a reduction in delinquency, but the subsequent crises (such as those in 2015-2016) increased delinquency and required debt renegotiations. Starting in 2017, there were signs of recovery, although high household indebtedness still posed a risk. The study also emphasizes the relationship between economic policies and financial inclusion.