Direito e políticas públicas: análise da implementação do programa de proteção integrada de fronteiras e a utilização de “drones” na (in)segurança pública do munícipio de São Borja

Abstract

The growing diversity in the use of unmanned aircraft, commonly called DRONES, reveals their potential as a strategic technology in the field of public security. These devices stand out for their ability to assist in inhibiting and confronting organized crime and criminal factions, in addition to playing a significant role in police operations and activities, contributing to the efficiency and effectiveness of inspection and crime repression actions. In this context, the use of DRONES can contribute to optimizing the implementation of the Integrated Border Protection Program (IBPP), whose mission is to restrict the occurrence of cross-border crimes, such as smuggling, money laundering, illegal mining, drug trafficking, arms trafficking, human trafficking, and trafficking of natural resources. The IBPP should promote actions for federative integration of the Union, States and Municipalities of the border area, and other public security agencies, in the sharing of tools and information, implementation of projects to strengthen the state presence in these regions, integration with the Brazilian Intelligence System, and international cooperation actions. From this perspective, through the IBPP, the adoption of technological innovations, such as DRONES, can optimize actions to combat crimes and minimize the losses caused by organized crime. Thus, this dissertation evaluated the implementation of the IBPP and the use of DRONES in the municipality of São Borja. The methodology used is based on qualitative research and quantitative data, and on documentary analysis and discourse analysis. An on-site survey was carried out, using a structured questionnaire, by two master's students and one professor from PPGPP-UNIPAMPA. Nine Public Security institutions in São Borja were invited, and seven agreed to participate in the research. The qualitative data were analyzed with the help of the MAXQDA Analytics Pro software, version 24.5.1., and the quantitative data were tabulated by the SPSS 16.0 software. The results indicate a lack of knowledge about the IBPP and the various laws that cover the use of DRONES; the reduced use of these aircraft by public security agencies, and the lack of training of civil servants regarding the various legislations and technological developments. It is evident that, even in the face of the difficulties and limitations presented, all stakeholders consider that the use of DRONES is a differential for operations and inspection actions, in the fight against national and international crimes and offenses. A possible explanation for the reduced use of DRONES is the scarcity of resources that are made available for border regions. Therefore, there is a need for instrumentation, with new technologies (DRONES and DRONES jammers), for public security institutions. Furthermore, it was observed that the Integrated Border Management Office of Rio Grande do Sul, with the IBPP in its actions among the agencies that make up public security, in São Borja, was disarticulated. The ineffectiveness of the program in serving the entire border strip, and the difficulty of articulation and integration with state and municipal public agencies are evident. Therefore, there is a need for adjustments in the public security bodies that make up the IBPP in São Borja, in order to optimize and qualify their actions.