Relação entre a doença periodontal e fatores bioquímicos, inflamatórios e oxidativos na população de Uruguaiana-RS

Abstract

Among periodontal diseases, gingivitis and periodontitis are among the most common diseases of humanity, being characterized by the presence of local inflammation in the oral cavity, which in more serious cases can affect other regions of the body. The relationship between periodontal diseases and other systemic diseases is an important study approach, being explained by changes in the inflammatory and oxidative stress parameters of these patients. Considering the need for epidemiological studies in cities in the interior of Brazil, this study aims to establish and evaluate whether there is a relationship between periodontal diseases, gingivitis and periodontitis, with biochemical, oxidative and inflammatory markers in the population of Uruguaiana city of Rio Grande do Sul state. Patients were selected and invited to participate in this research at Clínica Odontológica França Odontologia, where the patients' periodontal condition was assessed by a periodontist and saliva was collected for sub0sequent assessment of markers of oxidative stress and inflammation. Subsequently, blood was collected from the patients for hematological and biochemical analysis. The main results showed a significant increase in the levels of malondialdehyde in the plasma and saliva of patients in the periodontitis group when compared to the control group, suggesting that the lipid peroxidation process is present and can trigger other systemic diseases. Furthermore, the levels of Interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α, markers of systemic inflammation, were significantly increased in the plasma of the gingivitis and periodontitis groups when compared with the control group, showing that inflammatory processes arising from biochemical imbalances in the oral cavity may be related to the development of pathophysiological processes in other regions of the body. This study was the first carried out in the of Uruguaiana city and brings a new insight into the population of this city, which currently lacks data in this study area.