Localização de falhas em redes aéreas de distribuição via mapas auto-organizáveis

Abstract

The companies that provides services of electric energy has to be prepared to maintain supply of energy quickly, always respecting the safety criteria, continuity indices and quality compatible with the provisions of law. The highly competitive energy market has been growing for the electricity distributors due to the standards set by the brazilian National Agency of Electric Energy (ANEEL), which regulates the rates of quality and supply of energy to be delivered to the consumer units. In this context, the development of new techniques and designs that enable to minimize these indices has been increasingly studied and discussed, in order to find new mplementation techniques as well as the introduction / replacement of new equipment. The ability to remotely locate defects accelerates the energy restoration but despite of relays and microprocessed reclosers provide a measurement based on the impedance circuit, it is not precise for distribution systems, since the networks have several bifurcations (extensions) protected by fuses elements and different gauges of wire. Therefore, this work shows the different techniques to locate faults on an electrical energy line through a literature review and propose a new methodology, which involves comparing the different current levels measured by reclosers with remote communication, already installed throughout the network, and determine the probable location of defect through a Self- Organizing Map (SOM). The database used to set the SOM was acquired from simulations with the software ATDraw, with short circuit impedance of less than 100 ohms and only in cases of permanent single-phase ground faults. Additionally, this work is part of a research and development work (R&D) funded by the concessionaire “Nova Palma Energia”, located in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.