Aproveitamentos de resíduos da construção civil na produção de tijolos solo - cimento

Abstract

Material waste rates in construction are high. Furthermore, construction materials are derived from natural resources and, depending on how they were obtained, can cause an environmental impact. In this sense, constructions have adapted to new construction concepts, combined with sustainable development, aiming to minimize waste of materials on the construction site through the rationalization of materials. Recycling or reusing construction waste (RCC) is a way to reduce environmental impact. Therefore, this work proposes the addition of a type of RCC, in this case red ceramic bricks, in the composition of soil-cement bricks. Soil-cement brick is a composite material formed by a homogeneous mixture of soil, cement and water, in appropriate proportions and which, after compaction and wet curing, results in a durable product with high mechanical resistance. The inclusion of particles in the composite can influence its physical-mechanical behavior. Based on these aspects, the present work aimed to evaluate the soil-cement mixture with red ceramic residue, verifying the influence of the addition on the mechanical and physical properties of full-size soil-cement bricks. The methodology comprised the steps of: i) preparation of inputs; ii) characterization of inputs; iii) preparation of soil-cement bricks with 0% addition of ceramic waste and those with additions of ceramic waste; and iv) compression resistance and water absorption tests of the soil-cement bricks produced. All results were compared with a reference brick, that is, without residue. In this work, we chose to work with a 1:7 ratio (cement:soil), with the replacement of 20% and 30% of the weight of the soil with ceramic waste. The tests were carried out for periods of 7 and 28 days. For each period, a total of 10 bricks for each type were tested, the bricks were marked in such a way as to be easily identified, of these 7 bricks were subjected to the simple compression test and 3 bricks to the water absorption test. In total, 60 bricks were tested. The results showed that the need to make adjustments with the addition of sand to the mixes used due to the high plasticity of the soil used, it was found that the mixes met the regulatory requirements for water absorption and a test specimen containing ceramic residue reached the resistance to the minimum required compression. Therefore, it is concluded that the soil correction met the regulatory requirements and that there is a need to determine the ideal fraction of addition of ceramic waste so that the regulatory requirements are met, as the results indicated low mechanical properties, not presenting expected benefits in its incorporation into the brick.