Quando eu crescer quero ser como você?! análise dos desafios e persistências da pobreza geracional e do trabalho doméstico em Santana do Livramento/RS

Abstract

Generational poverty is that which can be characterized by the advancement of the level socioeconomic status of parents and children as adults, usually measured by income. When there is an increase in the socioeconomic level between generations, it indicates that there is socioeconomic mobility. However, those born into poor families tend to remain in low socioeconomic status. The transmission of vulnerabilities that poverty provides between generations is still a challenge for social actions, as the unequal transmission of poverty ends up becoming a barrier to social progress. Domestic work is a profession that has many aspects in common with generational poverty. Both generate exclusion in many social spheres and mean that those who experience poverty and do domestic work find themselves in limbo, unable to progress socioeconomically. Therefore, domestic work is a profession that originated in slavery, and since then has not been properly recognized in society. Thus, those who practice it end up facing difficulties in supporting themselves and deal with challenges such as prejudice. Furthermore, the profession can be known for being passed down between generations, a characteristic similar to generational poverty. This study aims to analyze the implications between entering and remaining in the domestic worker profession and generational poverty in Santana do Livramento/RS. Specifically, we seek to: a) characterize the workers and the domestic work performed; b) identify the aspects of generational poverty present in the history of domestic workers and in the generations of their families; c) investigate the reproduction of domestic work among workers' families and d) present the attributes of domestic work that reinforce and are reinforced by generational poverty. Methodologically, the research has a qualitative approach and is characterized as exploratory, carried out based on a narrative study. The data collection techniques were narrative interviews and genoprophysiograms. Eleven interviews were carried out with domestic workers and five with descendants of domestic workers, totaling 16 narrative interviews, which took place between October 17, 2023 and January 15, 2024. The genoprofisiogram was carried out in the form of a drawing with eight research participants, four domestic workers and four descendants of domestic workers. The data were analyzed using Bardin's content analysis. The results indicate that there is a relationship between generational poverty and domestic work. The research highlighted several categories that domestic work and generational poverty share and that intensify the cycle of poverty and social exclusion. They are: education, health, gender, ethnicity, income, employment and general. Thus, poor education, health-related difficulties, ethnic and gender barriers and precarious employment conditions are factors that have perpetuated poverty over generations. However, it is possible to observe mobility between generations. These advances present a possibility of gradually breaking the cycle of generational poverty, with public policies and actions that focus on education, health and better working conditions in an intersectoral way being crucial, to promote a lasting and significant change in the lives of families facing poverty. generational poverty.