Internacionalização das micro e pequenas empresas: análise sobre a efetividade das políticas brasileiras de apoio (2002-2012)

Abstract

Changes in the conjuncture of the international system through globalization and neoliberalism have led to changes in state action in the economic domain. The state has been acting grounded in the logistics paradigm, that is, of promoter and regulator of development. Prior to this, globalization has generated a productive restructuring in the business environment, requiring a higher degree of innovation and flexibility to companies. In this scenario, Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) started gaining prominence by attending these needs operating in networks and attracted the attention of the state because they generate employment, income, local development, consumer welfare and, through exportation, international currencies. Besides the international currencies, internationalization through exportation of MSEs assists the state in its projection on the international stage by increasing its own external insertion and leadership. Therefore, the Brazilian state promotes policies to support internationalization through exportation of MSEs, which are present in areas and "strictu sensu", with several political actions and mechanisms occurring during the period of 2002-2012. This paper work is, thus, to analyze the effectiveness of these policies by observing if what is planned and implemented as policy instruments corresponds to the demands of MSEs to overcome export barriers and if participation in number of companies and monetary value presents improvements in Brazilian exportation during 2002-2012. It is observed through this analysis a positive scenario regarding the correspondence between what policies supply and what MSEs demands, and a negative scenario in the quantitative participation of MSEs in Brazilian exportations, featuring a minimized effectiveness of public policies in the period. This minimized effectiveness, in its turn, fronts the focus of the paperwork in policies as a whole, is attributed to the fragmented management of policies, which presents itself without the necessary coordination and communication between those responsible for implementing them and the political actions.