Histórico da taxonomia do gênero Butia (Becc.) Becc. (arecaceae) e registro de ocorrência de Butia eriospatha (Mart. ex Drude) Becc. Aliado às mudanças ambientais na região de ocorrência natural da espécie

Abstract

Butia is a native genus from South America, belonging to the Arecaceae family. Known and approached by science for a long time, the objective of this work was, through bibliographic reviews, to discuss the history of the taxonomy of the genus from the perspective of the various authors who approached it in their studies, and to carry out a survey of the places where the occurrence was registered of the species B. eriospatha together with an analysis of the main environmental changes in these cataloged regions, in relation to the years 1998 and 2020 and the difference in deforested areas in the period 2019-2020. For the development of the bibliographic review presented in chapter I, different databases were consulted, such as: SciELO, PubMed, Catalog of Theses and Dissertations - CAPES, Brazilian Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (DLTD), Palmweb, Palms of the World Online, researchgate.net, scholar.google and archive.org. The following descriptors were used: Arecaceae, Butia, Syagrus, Geographical distribution and Arecaceae/Palmae fossil record, in Portuguese and English. The works found were selected based on those that addressed the theme of the study, from reading the abstract, regardless of the date of publication, given the proposal to analyze the state of the art on the genre. Studies that escaped the proposed theme and repeated works in the consulted databases were discarded. With the discussion carried out, it is noted that the genus has undergone several taxonomic changes, resulting in divergences between numbers and species nomenclatures and that most of them do not present studies that explore beyond the works of description of them, indicating that there is still much to be done explore this genus and the species that compose it, especially with regard to the evolutionary history and ecology of the group. For the elaboration of chapter II, the occurrence record search was carried out through the Reflora Virtual Herbarium and SpeciesLink, obtaining points of geographic coordinates from where the samples of the species were collected, which were later tabulated and exported to the geoCAT platform, resulting in a georeferenced map. In the 2019-2020 period, the deforested area in the Atlantic Forest biome was 23,873 ha. When analyzing individual data from the states of Paraná, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul, there was a significant increase in the deforested area between 2019 and 2020, respectively, 160%, 254% and 87%. When analyzing data on specific uses of the Atlantic Forest biome between 1998 and 2020, it was observed an increase in land use for agriculture and urbanization and a decrease in grassland formation. This is a work based on qualitative information, and due to this, no statistical analysis was performed.