Os investimentos estrangeiros diretos chineses no setor elétrico (2010-2022): características dos investimentos

Abstract

The transformations that occurred in the global economy in the 1970s and the process of opening up and state planning in China, lead to the rise of the Chinese economy and with the emergence of its "going global" policy are transforming its Transnational Corporations (TNCs) into one of the largest sources of Foreign Direct Investments (FDIs) in the world. In this context, Brazil becomes one of the main countries to receive these investments, especially in the electricity sector, associated with the crisis in the Brazilian economy and the privatization process in the sector. This study is economically justified because it is a recent phenomenon that appears to be in its initial stage - the domination of the electricity sector by Chinese companies. In this scenario, the deductive method will be used, with a concomitant mixed approach and bibliographic research, to better answer the general objective of analyzing the characteristics of Chinese FDIs in the electricity sector in the period from 2010 to 2022. It was evidenced with this study that Chinese companies came to Brazil to gain know-how and improve their technologies, the Brazilian electricity sector proved to lack these investments and without the capacity to make the contributions that Chinese companies are able to make because they have high economic power. In the pandemic period, it was analyzed that these investments changed their characteristics and presented themselves with a pattern more focused on renewable energies and innovation, in addition to a noticeble drop in the capital that these companies have already shown to be willing to risk these investment in the electricity sector in the period analyzed.